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Sovremenny-class destroyer Osmotritelny The project began in the late 1960s when it was becoming obvious in the that naval guns still had an important role particularly in support of amphibious landings, but existing gun and destroyers were showing their age. A new design was started, employing a new 130 mm automatic gun turret.
Single and twin mounts were developed, and the twin mount chosen for its superior rate of fire. In 1971 a go-ahead was given for the Severnaya design bureau to design 'a ship capable of supporting amphibious landings'. At the same time, the was constructing new large multi-role destroyers. To respond to this new threat, Project 956 was updated with new air defence suite and new, powerful 3M80 anti-ship missiles. Although the Soviet Navy had largely moved to gas turbine propulsion for its new warships, steam turbines were selected instead for Project 956: partly because production of naval gas turbines would have been insufficient for entire program. Lead ship of the class, Sovremenny was laid down in 1976 and commissioned in 1980. A total of 18 were built for the, but currently only 5 remain in service due to lack of funds and trained personnel.
Additional 3 ships are ongoing modernization and overhaul and 2 are laid-up in reserve (the table lists 3 in service 2 in reserve and 1 being overhauled and 11 decommissioned + 4 Chinese). All the ships were built by 190. These ships have a maximum displacement of 7,940 tons. The ships are 156 metres (511 ft 10 in) in length, with a of 17.3 metres (56 ft 9 in) and a of 6.5 metres (21 ft 4 in).
They are armed with an anti-submarine helicopter, 48 air defence missiles, eight anti-ship missiles, torpedoes, mines, long-range guns and a sophisticated electronic warfare system. There are a total of three versions of this class: the original Project 956 armed with the 3M80 version of the, and its successor, the Project 956A, which is armed with the improved 3M80M version of the Moskit with longer range.
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The main difference between the two is that the missile launching tubes on Project 956A are longer than that of Project 956 to accommodate the increased size of the newer missile, and these launching tubes can be used to fire / store the original 3M80 as well. A third version, Project 956EM, later developed for the was the latest development of this class. Chinese media called the ship 'carrier killer'. Design [ ] Command and control [ ] The ship's combat systems can use target designation data from the ship's active and passive sensors, from other ships in the fleet, from surveillance aircraft or via a communications link from the ship's helicopter.
The multi-channel defence suite is capable of striking several targets simultaneously. Missiles [ ].
Midships view. The ship is outfitted with the Raduga system with two four-cell launchers installed port and starboard of the forward island and set at an angle about 15°. The ship carries a total of eight Moskit 3M80E missiles, NATO designation SS-N-22 Sunburn.
The missile is sea-skimming with a velocity of Mach 2.5, armed with a 300-kilogram (660 lb) high-explosive or a nuclear 200 kt warhead. The range is from 10 to 120 kilometres (6.2 to 74.6 mi). The launch weight is 4,000 kg (8,800 lb).
Two Shtil surface-to-air missile systems are installed, each on the raised deck behind the twin-barrelled 130 mm guns. Shtil is the export name of the, NATO reporting name Gadfly. (From the 9th ship onwards, same launcher is used for Grizzly/ Yezh.) The system uses the ship's three-dimensional circular scan radar for target tracking.
Up to three missiles can be aimed simultaneously. The range is up to 30 km (19 mi) against targets with speeds up to 830 metres per second (2,700 ft/s). The ship carries 48 Shtil missiles. The ship's 130-millimetre (5.1 in) guns are the AK-130-MR-184. The system includes a computer control system with electronic and television sighting. The gun can be operated in fully automatic mode from the radar control system, under autonomous control using the turret mounted Kondensor optical sighting system and can also be laid manually. Rate of fire is disputed, but various Russian sources credit the weapon with a cyclic rate of 30–40 rounds per minute per barrel, in line with the or the Italian 127 mm/54, but faster than the US Mark 45.